• Home
  • Browse
    • Current Issue
    • By Issue
    • By Author
    • By Subject
    • Author Index
    • Keyword Index
  • Journal Info
    • About Journal
    • Aims and Scope
    • Editorial Board
    • Publication Ethics
    • Peer Review Process
  • Guide for Authors
  • Submit Manuscript
  • Contact Us
 
  • Login
  • Register
Home Articles List Article Information
  • Save Records
  • |
  • Printable Version
  • |
  • Recommend
  • |
  • How to cite Export to
    RIS EndNote BibTeX APA MLA Harvard Vancouver
  • |
  • Share Share
    CiteULike Mendeley Facebook Google LinkedIn Twitter
The Egyptian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
arrow Articles in Press
arrow Current Issue
Journal Archive
Volume Volume 49 (2025)
Issue Issue 3
Issue Issue 2
Issue Issue 1
Volume Volume 48 (2024)
Volume Volume 47 (2023)
Volume Volume 46 (2022)
Volume Volume 45 (2021)
Volume Volume 44 (2020)
Volume Volume 43 (2019)
Volume Volume 42 (2018)
Yousif, A., Dabora, M., Mahmoud, S., Mohamed, N. (2025). Breast Reconstruction Following Breast Cancer Surgery in Sudanese Women in Khartoum State 2022. The Egyptian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 49(1), 47-56. doi: 10.21608/ejprs.2025.405205
Aya Yousif; Muaweyia Dabora; Shadad Mahmoud; Nagla Mohamed. "Breast Reconstruction Following Breast Cancer Surgery in Sudanese Women in Khartoum State 2022". The Egyptian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 49, 1, 2025, 47-56. doi: 10.21608/ejprs.2025.405205
Yousif, A., Dabora, M., Mahmoud, S., Mohamed, N. (2025). 'Breast Reconstruction Following Breast Cancer Surgery in Sudanese Women in Khartoum State 2022', The Egyptian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 49(1), pp. 47-56. doi: 10.21608/ejprs.2025.405205
Yousif, A., Dabora, M., Mahmoud, S., Mohamed, N. Breast Reconstruction Following Breast Cancer Surgery in Sudanese Women in Khartoum State 2022. The Egyptian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2025; 49(1): 47-56. doi: 10.21608/ejprs.2025.405205

Breast Reconstruction Following Breast Cancer Surgery in Sudanese Women in Khartoum State 2022

Article 7, Volume 49, Issue 1, January 2025, Page 47-56  XML PDF (800.89 K)
DOI: 10.21608/ejprs.2025.405205
View on SCiNiTO View on SCiNiTO
Authors
Aya Yousif email orcid 1; Muaweyia Dabora2; Shadad Mahmoud1; Nagla Mohamedorcid 1
1The Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
2National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
Abstract
Background: Breast reconstruction after cancer surgery is
crucial for women’s psychological well-being and quality of
life. Many advances were made in reconstructive techniques
allowing it to become a common practice worldwide.
Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to determine
the rate, type and timing of breast reconstruction in Sudanese
women.
Patients and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional
multi-centric hospital-based study involving the medical records
of all adult females with breast reconstruction following
breast cancer surgery in Khartoum locality from June 2020 to
June 2022.
Results: A total of 305 women had mastectomies during
the two-year study period, 46 (14.8%) of them had unilateral
breast reconstruction, the majority of which 30 (65.2%) were
done using autologous techniques, while 11 breast (23.9%) had
implant reconstruction, 5 (10.9%) had partial reconstruction
using oncoplastic techniques. The most autologous technique
used was LD flap reconstruction 21 breasts (70%), followed
by TRAM flap in 8 (26.67%) and DIEP flap in 1 (3.33%) in 41
(89.13%) the reconstruction was done immediately.
Conclusion: In this study, the rate of post-mastectomy
breast reconstruction is low with mostly immediate autologous
technique used. Raising awareness about breast reconstruction
and increasing cooperation with the general surgeons are some
of the ways to resolve this issue.
Keywords
Breast reconstruction; Oncoplastic breast surgery; Latissimus Dorsi flap; TRAM
Main Subjects
Post tumour ablation reconstruction
References
1- Who.int. 2021.breast cancer. {online} available at:
>https://WWW.WHO.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/
breast cancer<
2- Dean C., Chetty U. and Forrest A.: Effects of immediate
breast reconstruction on psychosocial morbidity after
mastectomy. The Lancet, 321 (8322): pp. 459-462, 1983.
3- Guyomard V., Leinster S. and Wilkinson M.: Systemic
review of studied patient’s satisfaction with breast reconstruction
after mastectomy. The breast, 16 (6): pp.547-
567, 2007.
4- Jończyk J. and Jankau J.: The Assessment of Early Complications
and Risk Factors Affecting Their Occurrence in
Breast Reconstructive Procedures. Indian Journal of Surgery,
2021.
5- Morrow M., Li Y., Alderman A., Jagsi R., Hamilton A.,
Graff J., et al.: Access to Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy
and Patient Perspectives on Reconstruction Decision
Making. JAMA Surgery, 149 (10): 1015, 2014.
6- Wireko A.A., Wellington J., Adebusoye F.T., Tenkorang
P.O., Ahmad A.O. and Abdul-Rahman T.: Breast cancer
in Africa: An extensive surgical burden of paramount
importance - letter to the editor. Int. J. Surg., Mar 1; 109
(3): 651-652, 2023. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000253.
PMID: 37093103; PMCID: PMC10389489.
7- Abdelsamie Abdalla Mohamed, Kamal Eldein H. Mohamed,
Eltaib A. Saad and Shadad M. Mahmoud: “The
Response, Operability, and Type of Surgery Following
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Sudanese Patients with Locally
Advanced Breast Cancer,” Sudan Journal of Medical
Sciences, Vol. 13, Issue No. 3, pages 219–229, 2018. DOI
10.18502/sjms. v13i3.2961.
8- Liu J., Zheng X., Lin S., Han H. and Xu C.: Breast conserving
therapy for central breast cancer in the United
States. BMC Surg. [Internet], 22 (1): 31, 2022. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12893-022-01488-0.
9. Song W.J., Kang S.G., Kim E.K., Song SY, Lee J.S., Lee
J.H., et al.: Current status of and trends in post-mastectomy
breast reconstruction in Korea. Arch Plast Surg [Internet],
47 (2): 118–25, 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.
org/10.5999/aps.2019.01676.
10- Feng Y., Flitcroft K., van Leeuwen M.T., Elshaug A.G.,
Spillane A. and Pearson S-A.: Patterns of immediate breast
reconstruction in New South Wales, Australia: A population-
based study. ANZ J Surg [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb.
18]; 89 (10): 1230–5, 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1111/ans.15381.
11- Gichuru S., Kedera T., Wanjeri J. and Ndaguatha P.: Predictors
of post-mastectomy breast reconstruction in Kenya.
Ann Afr Surg. [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 18]; 17 (1),
2020. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/
aas/article/view/192991.
Egypt, J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., January 2025 55
12- Maudgal S, Rajagopal J, Huilgol N. and Yadav P.: Challenges
in India about breast cancer and breast reconstruction.
Breast [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 18]; 41: S9, 2018.
Available from: https://www.thebreastonline.com/article/
S0960-9776(18)30169-3/fulltext.
13- Sim N., Soh S., Ang CH, Hing C.H., Lee H.J., Nallathamby
V., et al.: Breast reconstruction rate and profile in
a Singapore patient population: A National University
Hospital experience. Singapore Med. J. [Internet]. 59 (6):
300–4, 2018. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/
smedj.2017035.
14- Retrouvey H., Solaja O., Gagliardi A.R., Webster F. and
Zhong T.: Barriers of access to breast reconstruction: A
systematic review: A systematic review. Plast. Reconstr.
Surg. [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 18]; 143 (3): 465e–76e,
2019. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/30817637/.
15- Ranganathan K., Ogunleye A.A., Aliu O., Agbenorku P.
and Momoh A.O.: Breast reconstruction practices and barriers
in West Africa: A survey of surgeons: A survey of surgeons.
Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob Open [Internet]. [cited
2023 Feb 18]; 8 (11): e3259, 2020. Available from: http://
dx.doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003259.
16- DeCoster R.C., Bautista R-MF Jr., Burns J.C., Dugan A.J.,
Edmunds R.W., Rinker BD, et al.: Rural-urban differences
in breast reconstruction utilization following oncologic
resection. J Rural Health [Internet]. 36 (3): 347–54, 2020.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12396.
17- Régis C., Le J., Chauvet M-P., Le Deley M-C. and Le Teuff
G.: Variations in the breast reconstruction rate in France: A
nationwide study of 19,466 patients based on the French
medico-administrative database. Breast [Internet]. 42: 74–
80, 2018. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/pii/S0960977618301395.
18- Butler P.D., Familusi O., Serletti J.M. and Fox J.P.: Influence
of race, insurance status, and geographic access
to plastic surgeons on immediate breast reconstruction
rates. Am J Surg [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 18]; 215 (6):
987–94, 2018. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/29103529/.
19- Qin Q., Tan Q., Lian B., Mo Q., Huang Z. and Wei C.:
Postoperative outcomes of breast reconstruction after
mastectomy: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore)
[Internet]. 97 (5): e9766, 2018. Available from: http://dx.
doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000009766.
20- Hart S.E. and Momoh A.O.: Breast reconstruction disparities
in the United States and internationally. Curr Breast
Cancer Rep [Internet]. 12 (3): 132–9, 2020. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12609-020-00366-z.
21- Avino A., Răducu L., Brînduşe L.A., Jecan C-R. and Lascăr
I.: Timing between breast reconstruction and oncologic
mastectomy-one center experience. Medicina (Kaunas)
[Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 18]; 56 (2): 86, 2020. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56020086.
22- Ito H., Ueno T., Suga H., Shiraishi T., Isaka H., Imi K.,
et al.: Risk factors for skin flap necrosis in breast cancer
patients treated with mastectomy followed by immediate
breast reconstruction. World J. Surg. [Internet]. 43 (3):
846–52, 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/
s00268-018-4852-y.
23- Kim J-W., Lee J-H., Kim T-G., Kim Y-H. and Chung K.J.:
Breast reconstruction statistics in Korea from the Big Data
Hub of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.
Arch Plast Surg [Internet]. 45 (5): 441–8, 2018. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2018.00220.
24- Wilkins E.G., Hamill J.B., Kim H.M., Kim J.Y., Greco
R.J., Qi J., et al.: Complications in postmastectomy breast
reconstruction: One-year outcomes of the mastectomy reconstruction
outcomes consortium (MROC) study. Ann.
Surg. [Internet]. 267 (1): 164–70, 2018. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000002033.
25- Yang B., Ren G., Song E., Pan D., Zhang J., Wang Y., et
al.: Current status and factors influencing surgical options
for breast cancer in China: A nationwide cross-sectional
survey of 110 hospitals. Oncologist [Internet]. [cited 2023
Feb 18]; 25 (10): e1473–80, 2020. Available from: http://
dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0001.
26- Jonczyk MM, Jean J, Graham R, Chatterjee A. Surgical
trends in breast cancer: a rise in novel operative treatment
options over a 12 year analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat
[Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Feb 18];173(2):267–74. Available
from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30361873/
27- Bennett K.G., Qi J., Kim H.M., Hamill J.B., Pusic A.L.
and Wilkins E.G.: Comparison of 2-year complication
rates among common techniques for postmastectomy
breast reconstruction. JAMA Surg [Internet]. [cited 2023
Feb 18];153 (10): 901–8, 2018. Available from: https://pubmed.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29926077/.
28- Banda C.H., Wilson E., Malata C.M., Narushima M.,
Ogawa T., Hassanein Z.M., et al.: Clinical application and
outcomes of reconstructive microsurgery in Africa: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet
Surg [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 18];75 (7): 2035–48,
2022. Available from: https://www.jprasurg.com/article/
S1748-6815(22)00221-2/fulltext.
29- Yoon A.P., Qi J., Brown DL, Kim H.M., Hamill J.B., Erdmann-
Sager J., et al.: Outcomes of immediate versus delayed
breast reconstruction: Results of a multicenter prospective
study. Breast [Internet]. 37: 72–9, 2018. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2017.10.009.
30- Susini T., Renda I., Giani M., Vallario A., Nori J., Vanzi
E., et al.: Changing trends in mastectomy and breast
reconstruction. Analysis of a single-institution experience
between 2004-2016. Anticancer Res. [Internet].
39 (10): 5709–14, 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.
org/10.21873/anticanres.13770.
31- Siotos C., Lagiou P., Cheah M.A., Bello R.J., Orfanos P.,
Payne R.M., et al.: Determinants of receiving immediate
breast reconstruction: An analysis of patient characteristics
at a tertiary care center in the US. Surg. Oncol. [Internet].
34: 1–6, 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
suronc.2020.02.017.
Vol. 49, No. 1 / Breast Reconstruction Following B 56 reast Cancer Surgery
32- Hong K.Y., Son Y., Chang H. and Jin U.S.: Trends in
breast reconstruction: Implications for the National Health
Insurance Service. Arch Plast Surg [Internet]. [cited 2023
Feb 18]; 45 (3): 239–45, 2018. Available from: https://pubmed.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29788687/.
33- Berlin N.L., Tandon V.J., Qi J, Kim H.M., Hamill J.B.,
Momoh A.O., et al.: Hospital variations in clinical complications
and patient-reported outcomes at 2 years after immediate
breast reconstruction. Ann. Surg. [Internet]. [cited
2023 Feb 18]; 269 (5): 959–65, 2019. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29489482/.
34- Matar D.Y., Wu M, Haug V., Orgill D.P. and Panayi A.C.:
Surgical complications in immediate and delayed breast
reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J.
Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023
Feb 18]; 75 (11): 4085–95. Available from: https://www.
jprasurg.com/article/S1748-6815(22)00470-3/fulltext
35- Santosa K.B., Qi J., Kim H.M., Hamill J.B., Pusic A.L.
and Wilkins E.G.: Effect of Patient Age on Outcomes in
Breast Reconstruction: Results from a Multicenter Prospective
Study. J. Am. Coll. Surg., Dec. 223 (6): 745-754,
2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.09.003. Epub 2016
Oct 26. PMID: 27806906; PMCID: PMC5124383.

Statistics
Article View: 96
PDF Download: 114
Home | Glossary | News | Aims and Scope | Sitemap
Top Top

Journal Management System. Designed by NotionWave.